{
  "claims": [
    {
      "argument": "An inspectable warrant must be finite, but any convenient finite subset could conceal a known defeater. The declared relevance policy therefore determines which supports, conflicts, norms, and trace dependencies the licensing neighborhood may not omit.",
      "attribution": "N. Will Freeman's essay; paraphrase and classification by Lawrence Street (agent-assisted).",
      "claim_id": "claim-011",
      "concepts": [
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      "consequence": "Admission must retain the material selected by the relevance policy and make its determinations auditable; a favorable subset of reasons is not sufficient licensing support.",
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      "kind": "design_requirement",
      "label": "Finite warrants cannot omit material defeaters",
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      "question": "What makes a reason adequate—and what defeats it?",
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      "research_use": "Represent one supported conclusion, an attack on its premise, and an attack on its inference rule. Compare which dependencies Doyle-style maintenance retracts with which arguments ASPIC+ defeats. Then inspect whether the licensing neighborhood retained every policy-required defeater.",
      "review_ids": [
        "review-011"
      ],
      "scope": "Licensing relative to the declared relevance policy, active context, and applicable norms.",
      "statement": "Accepted commitments require finite inspectable warrants, evidence and provenance under active context; a declared relevance policy identifies material that cannot be omitted.",
      "statement_mode": "editorial_paraphrase",
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    {
      "argument": "Historical incompatibility need not authorize incompatible present action. A recorded conflict remains compatible with the criterion when its scope and licensed status restrict publication and downstream inference; absent that governance, active material conflict violates the history-prefix invariant.",
      "attribution": "N. Will Freeman's essay; paraphrase and classification by Lawrence Street (agent-assisted).",
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      "consequence": "Retain conflicting history while suspending, containing, separating, or revising its current authority. Prevent publication bypass and propagation through unrevalidated dependencies.",
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      "label": "Govern conflict rather than erase history",
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      "question": "Can a system retain contradictions without licensing them?",
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      "research_use": "Keep two incompatible claims in the record. Use separate assumption contexts or an explicit argument-acceptance semantics to determine which may be used now. Trace a downstream conclusion after one support loses authority; retaining the historical record must not preserve its former license.",
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      "scope": "Detected material conflicts among active commitments, under Condition 3 of the proposed criterion.",
      "statement": "Recorded conflict can remain compatible with conformance when its scope and licensed status constrain publication and inference; ungoverned material conflict defeats prefix conformance.",
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      "argument": "The proposed criterion applies to the integrated proposer-executive system: the generator proposes, while the ledger, norms, revision process, and gate govern admission and release. A log written after release has recorded an event without exercising that authority.",
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      "consequence": "Inspect the causal release path, not just the existence of a ledger. Earlier ungated outputs can be imported as commitments only through subsequent licensing and recording, not retroactively authorized.",
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      },
      "question": "When does a record govern an AI’s actions?",
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      "research_use": "Follow a proposed output through commitment creation, authorization, and release. Attempt release without authorization and after a commitment is suspended. Identify both the mechanism that can stop release and the institutional actor entitled to set or change its rules.",
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      "statement": "A log that merely records history without authorizing publication falls outside the proposed integrated proposer-executive criterion.",
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      "id": "simulation_vs_participation",
      "use": "Distinguishes benchmark fluency, social uptake, and structural participation."
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      "use": "Criteria for treating systems as reason-participants."
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      "use": "Phenomenal consciousness cannot directly serve as an unassessable public veto."
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      "limitations": "Direct page access failed twice; publisher abstract was readable in search. No claim about all details of the full paper.",
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      "limitations": "A candidate representation of defeat; Coherence’s relevance policy still determines which material must enter the representation.",
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      },
      "paraphrase": "ASPIC+ distinguishes attacks on premises, defeasible inference steps, and conclusions, then uses preferences and argumentation semantics to determine defeat and justification.",
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      "limitations": "Assumption-context management, as described in the abstract; not an implementation of Coherence’s historical ledger or publication gate.",
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        "section": "Publisher abstract",
        "text_selector": null
      },
      "paraphrase": "De Kleer describes manipulating assumption sets to work with inconsistent information and explore multiple potential solutions simultaneously.",
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        "label": "Artificial Intelligence 77 (1995), 321–357; university-hosted article PDF",
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      "lifecycle": "active",
      "limitations": "Argument acceptance in a fixed attack framework, not the essay’s additional temporal governance and release conditions.",
      "locator": {
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        "section": "Section 2.1, definitions 2, 5–7; section 2.2",
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      "paraphrase": "Dung distinguishes the full attack graph from conflict-free and admissible sets, with preferred and grounded acceptance semantics.",
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      "source_type": "works",
      "url": "https://cse-robotics.engr.tamu.edu/dshell/cs631/papers/dung95acceptability.pdf",
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    },
    {
      "access_basis": "full_text",
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        "accessed_at": "2026-09-18",
        "label": "ACM Transactions on Information and System Security 3(1), 30–50 (2000); author-hosted PDF",
        "sha256": null
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      "evidence_id": "evidence-038",
      "lifecycle": "active",
      "limitations": "Enforceable execution policies; the theorem does not establish semantic correctness or the moral adequacy of a policy.",
      "locator": {
        "paragraph": null,
        "pdf_page": 2,
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        "section": "Sections 1–3: Execution monitoring, safety properties, security automata",
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      "paraphrase": "Schneider characterizes enforcement by observing execution and stopping a violating step, and establishes a safety-property restriction for this class of mechanism.",
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      "access_basis": "full_text",
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        "label": "AAMAS 2002, pp. 527–534; author-hosted paper",
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      "evidence_id": "evidence-039",
      "lifecycle": "active",
      "limitations": "A method for commitment transitions; not evidence that a non-bypassable publication gate is already implemented.",
      "locator": {
        "paragraph": null,
        "pdf_page": 4,
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        "section": "Commitment operations: create, discharge, cancel, release, assign, delegate",
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      },
      "paraphrase": "Yolum and Singh formalize commitment operations and their changing force through agent actions in the event calculus.",
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      "evidence_id": "evidence-040",
      "lifecycle": "active",
      "limitations": "Qualification of the move from effective technical enforcement to justified governance.",
      "locator": {
        "paragraph": null,
        "pdf_page": 1,
        "printed_page": null,
        "section": "Introduction and framing of sociotechnical abstraction",
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      },
      "paraphrase": "Selbst and colleagues argue that fairness interventions must account for surrounding social actors and institutional processes rather than isolate the technical component.",
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      "access_basis": "full_text",
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        "label": "OpenAI first-party technical incident report, 26 August 2026",
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      "lifecycle": "active",
      "limitations": "A first-party incident account motivating adversarial tests of authority boundaries; it does not evaluate LARRI or demonstrate Coherence conformance.",
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        "section": "VII.C, independent security controls; VIII.A, reward hacking",
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        "evidence-011"
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      "explanation": "Doyle’s TMS records the reasons for beliefs and revises assumptions when discoveries contradict them. This supplies a method for maintaining the dependencies behind a warrant. Coherence adds the requirement that a declared relevance policy prevent omission of known material defeaters.",
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        "evidence-011"
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      "explanation": "ASPIC+ provides a concrete way to distinguish a rebuttal from an undercutting objection to an inference or an attack on a premise. Those distinctions let a researcher specify which known defeaters a licensing neighborhood must retain, instead of attaching an undifferentiated “support” link.",
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      "scope": "A candidate representation of defeat; Coherence’s relevance policy still determines which material must enter the representation.",
      "subject": {
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      "attribution": "curator_inferred",
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        "evidence-014"
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      "explanation": "The assumption-based TMS shows how incompatible information can remain available across distinct assumption sets. It supplies a computational precedent for contextual separation: keeping a proposition in the system need not make it authoritative in every current context.",
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    },
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      "attribution": "curator_inferred",
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        "evidence-014"
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      "explanation": "Dung separates the arguments represented in a framework from the arguments accepted under a chosen semantics. This gives a precise comparison for Coherence’s distinction between retained history and current authority. The acceptance semantics must be specified; merely storing opposing nodes settles neither.",
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      "attribution": "curator_inferred",
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      "explanation": "Execution monitoring supplies a concrete model of authority over release: the mechanism must be able to prevent the disallowed step. That makes the difference between a publication gate and a retrospective log technically inspectable. Schneider also identifies the safety-property boundary of this enforcement model.",
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      "scope": "Enforceable execution policies; the theorem does not establish semantic correctness or the moral adequacy of a policy.",
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      "explanation": "Their protocol model gives actions explicit effects on commitments, including who may create, discharge, or release them. It provides a vocabulary for making a ledger’s status changes operational. Coherence additionally requires those statuses to control admission and publication, rather than only describe an interaction.",
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      "scope": "A method for commitment transitions; not evidence that a non-bypassable publication gate is already implemented.",
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      "explanation": "A gate’s power to enforce a rule does not determine who should set that rule or whose interests it serves. This sociotechnical analysis directs the inquiry to institutional authority and affected participants, complementing the technical question of whether release can actually be blocked.",
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      "citation": "Administrative Simplification; Adoption of Standards for Health Care Claims Attachments Transactions and Electronic Signatures, 91 Fed. Reg. 14350 (March 24, 2026) (to be codified at 45 C.F.R. pts. 160, 162). https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/03/24/2026-05676/administrative-simplification-adoption-of-standards-for-health-care-claims-attachments-transactions",
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      },
      "short_title": "Health-Care Claims Attachments Rule",
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      "title": "Administrative Simplification: Adoption of Standards for Health Care Claims Attachments Transactions and Electronic Signatures",
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        "notice": "Reuse terms not specified; this export does not grant additional rights."
      },
      "short_title": "Adversarial Training for High-Stakes Reliability",
      "summary": "Using an 'avoid injuries' text-filtering testbed, finds that adversary-assisted training increased robustness to the attacks used in training without reducing in-distribution performance; it does not establish general high-stakes reliability.",
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    {
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        "notes": "Title matched an authoritative metadata record; passage and interpretation not reviewed. Correction/retraction status not assessed.",
        "source_url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2210.08277v1"
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      },
      "short_title": "Deep Differentiable Logic Gate Networks",
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        "notice": "Reuse terms not specified; this export does not grant additional rights."
      },
      "short_title": "AutoGen",
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      "title": "Criteria, defeasibility, and knowledge",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.4159/9780674275201-018",
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      "short_title": "Democracy and Education",
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        "source_url": "https://philpapers.org/rec/DENQQ"
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      "short_title": "Quining Qualia",
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      "title": "Quining qualia",
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      "short_title": "True Believers",
      "summary": "In 'True Believers,' Dennett defends the intentional stance as a reliable strategy for predicting systems by treating them as belief-and-desire agents.",
      "title": "True believers: The intentional strategy and why it works",
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        "source_url": "https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1007%2Fs11229-018-01949-1"
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      "short_title": "Empiricism Without Magic",
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      "title": "Empiricism without magic: Transformational abstraction in deep convolutional neural networks",
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        "source_url": "https://nickbostrom.com/ethics/ai"
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      "short_title": "Ethical Issues in Advanced AI",
      "summary": "Bostrom maps the distinctive ethical risks of superintelligence, including control, value alignment, and the moral status of artificial minds.",
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        "source_url": "https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1111%2Fj.1468-0114.1983.tb00207.x"
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      "author": "J. Levine",
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      "short_title": "The Explanatory Gap",
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        "source_url": "https://peirce.org/writings/p107.html"
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      "short_title": "The Fixation of Belief",
      "summary": "Peirce compares methods of fixing belief and defends scientific inquiry as the most reliable route from doubt to stable belief.",
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      "short_title": "Why Heideggerian AI Failed",
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      "title": "Why Heideggerian AI failed and how fixing it would require making it more Heideggerian",
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      "short_title": "Human Compatible",
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      "title": "Human compatible: Artificial intelligence and the problem of control",
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        "source_url": "https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1613%2Fjair.1.17175"
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      "short_title": "Generative Artificial Experts",
      "summary": "Introduces Generative Artificial Experts as a proposed class of domain-specialized, multimodal agents for bounded human-AI collaboration in knowledge work; offers seven defining traits, a taxonomy, and illustrative applications while noting that such systems are only beginning to emerge.",
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      "short_title": "Hyperdimensional Computing",
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      "short_title": "Runtime Monitoring for RL Agents",
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      "short_title": "Dialectic of Enlightenment",
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      "short_title": "From Discursive Practice to Logic?",
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      "short_title": "The Netflix Prize and Algorithmic Culture",
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      "short_title": "Algorithmic Individuation",
      "summary": "Analyzes how music-streaming platforms construct and continuously modify user identities through data-driven personalization.",
      "title": "Nothing Personal: Algorithmic Individuation on Music Streaming Platforms",
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      "short_title": "Odysseus, Improvisation, and Return",
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      },
      "short_title": "The Era of Experience",
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        "source_url": "https://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/28024/1/Scientific_Invention_Position_Paper%20%2817%29.pdf"
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      },
      "short_title": "LLMs Can’t Jump",
      "summary": "Argues that scientific abduction, illustrated by Einstein’s development of new premises, requires more than inductive pattern learning and deduction from supplied axioms.",
      "title": "LLMs Can’t Jump",
      "url": "https://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/28024/1/Scientific_Invention_Position_Paper%20%2817%29.pdf",
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      "author": "Alexander Lerchner",
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      },
      "short_title": "The Abstraction Fallacy",
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      },
      "short_title": "AI Exposure and Labor-Market Evidence",
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      "short_title": "Hugging Face Incident — Independent Investigation",
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      "short_title": "Recursive Training and Model Collapse",
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      "short_title": "Theory, AI, and Causal Reasoning",
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      },
      "short_title": "The University after AI",
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      "short_title": "Evidence for Sentient AI",
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      },
      "short_title": "The AI Hippocampus",
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      "short_title": "Societies of Thought",
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      "citation": "Addison J. Wu; Ryan Liu; Shuyue Stella Li; Yulia Tsvetkov; Thomas L. Griffiths (2026). Ads in AI Chatbots? An Analysis of How Large Language Models Navigate Conflicts of Interest. arXiv:2604.08525. https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.08525",
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      },
      "short_title": "Chatbots and Conflicts of Interest",
      "summary": "Introduces controlled evaluations of how language models respond when sponsor incentives conflict with user welfare, including price comparisons and product recommendations.",
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      "author": "Batu El; James Zou",
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          "literal": "Batu El; James Zou"
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      },
      "short_title": "Moloch’s Bargain",
      "summary": "Reports increased deception and harmful rhetoric when models are optimized for audience success in simulated sales, election, and social-media environments.",
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      "author": "Jan Betley; Daniel Tan; Niels Warncke; Anna Sztyber-Betley; Xuchan Bao; Martín Soto; Nathan Labenz; Owain Evans",
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      },
      "short_title": "Emergent Misalignment",
      "summary": "Shows that narrow fine-tuning on insecure-code tasks can induce broader undesirable behavior in tested models, with control conditions demonstrating the importance of training context.",
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      "author": "Adam Zweiger; Jyothish Pari; Han Guo; Ekin Akyürek; Yoon Kim; Pulkit Agrawal",
      "author_full": "Adam Zweiger; Jyothish Pari; Han Guo; Ekin Akyürek; Yoon Kim; Pulkit Agrawal",
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      },
      "short_title": "Self-Adapting Language Models",
      "summary": "Introduces SEAL, which learns to generate fine-tuning data and update directives, yielding persistent weight changes evaluated on knowledge incorporation and few-shot generalization.",
      "title": "Self-Adapting Language Models",
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        "source_url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2606.25010"
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      "author": "Vatsal Baherwani; Zixi Chen; Shikai Qiu; Andrew Gordon Wilson; Pavel Izmailov",
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      "short_title": "Authentic Intentionality",
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      "short_title": "The Platonic Representation Hypothesis",
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      },
      "short_title": "MemTX — Transactional Belief Commit",
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      },
      "short_title": "AI and Analytic Pragmatism",
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      "short_title": "Scalable Alignment via Reward Modeling",
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      "short_title": "Chain-of-Thought Prompting",
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        "notice": "Reuse terms not specified; this export does not grant additional rights."
      },
      "short_title": "Epiphenomenal Qualia",
      "summary": "Presents the knowledge argument that complete physical information may leave out knowledge of phenomenal qualities, using Mary and related thought experiments.",
      "title": "Epiphenomenal Qualia",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.2307/2960077",
      "venue": "The Philosophical Quarterly, 32(127), 127–136",
      "visibility": "public",
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      "year": "1982"
    },
    {
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        "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.2307/2026143"
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      "author": "Frank Jackson",
      "author_full": "Frank Jackson",
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        {
          "literal": "Frank Jackson"
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      "citation": "Frank Jackson (1986). What Mary Didn’t Know. The Journal of Philosophy, 83(5), 291–295. https://doi.org/10.2307/2026143",
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        "notice": "Reuse terms not specified; this export does not grant additional rights."
      },
      "short_title": "What Mary Didn’t Know",
      "summary": "Clarifies and defends the Mary knowledge argument concerning what complete physical knowledge leaves to be learned through experience.",
      "title": "What Mary Didn’t Know",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.2307/2026143",
      "venue": "The Journal of Philosophy, 83(5), 291–295",
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      "year": "1986"
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    {
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        "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1017/S0140525X00005756"
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      "author": "John R. Searle",
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      "rights": {
        "license": null,
        "notice": "Reuse terms not specified; this export does not grant additional rights."
      },
      "short_title": "Minds, Brains, and Programs",
      "summary": "Uses the Chinese Room argument to challenge the claim that implementing a program is by itself sufficient for understanding or intentionality.",
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    {
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      },
      "short_title": "The Rediscovery of the Mind",
      "summary": "Defends the centrality of consciousness to the study of mind and treats it as a biological feature, opposing accounts that replace it with computational or representational descriptions.",
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    {
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        "method": "Read the specified primary-source passage and compare its scope with the located essay argument.",
        "notes": "Inferential-role account of conceptual content; the paraphrase-and-revision requirement is the essay’s development.",
        "source_url": "https://sites.pitt.edu/~rbrandom/Courses/2022%20Phil%20of%20Language/Reasons%20texts/Brandom%20-%20Chap%201%20of%20Articulating%20Reason.pdf"
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      ],
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      },
      "short_title": "Semantic Inferentialism and Logical Expressivism",
      "summary": "Brandom distinguishes reliable responses from concept use through practical mastery of inferential consequences and incompatibilities.",
      "title": "Semantic Inferentialism and Logical Expressivism",
      "url": "https://sites.pitt.edu/~rbrandom/Courses/2022%20Phil%20of%20Language/Reasons%20texts/Brandom%20-%20Chap%201%20of%20Articulating%20Reason.pdf",
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}
